https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/2493 2026-09-26T10:49:26Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7401 Integración de medidas de efectos indirectos en el análisis distributivo del ingreso: un marco metodológico con aplicaciones empíricas Vásquez Díaz, Diego Esta tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar distintos shocks económicos y analizar su impacto sobreladistribucióndelingresodeloshogares.Eltrabajoaborda,enparticular,lamedición de los efectos indirectos o spillovers, considerando asimismo los debates recientes sobre la medición del ingreso, tanto en relación con la subcobertura de la parte alta de la distribución como con la incorporación de nuevas definiciones contables y distributivas. La tesis se estructura en cincocapítulos. El primerointroduceelproblemadeinvestigación y presenta la motivación general del estudio. Los tres capítulos centrales desarrollan las principales contribuciones metodológicas y empíricas, mientras que el último capítulo sintetiza los resultados y expone las conclusiones generales. El eje central del trabajo se encuentra en los capítulos 2, 3 y 4. El capítulo 2 desarrolla una herramienta para medir los efectos indirectos en la distribución del ingreso a partir de una Matriz de ContabilidadSocial, y aplica dicho modelo ala simulación de escenarios de política fiscal. El capítulo 3 amplía esta herramienta incorporando los nuevoslineamientos de medición del ingreso. Finalmente, el capítulo 4 presenta un ejercicio empírico sobre crecimiento económico y sus efectos en la distribución del ingreso y el empleo en la economía chilena. En conjunto, la tesis ofrece un marco metodológico y empírico para analizar las dinámicas dedesigualdady distribucióndesdeunaperspectivamultisectorial. 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7320 Export Diversification and Network Effects: Evidence from a SAM-Based Analysis of Bangladesh Jahan, Mashrat; Horie, Tetsuya; Cardenete Flores, Manuel Alejandro This study examines how the allocation of export expansion across sectors affects economy wide outcomes in Bangladesh. Using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, we combine linkage analysis with simulation to evaluate how sectoral export growth propagates through the production network. The results show that the impact of export diversification depends critically on sectoral allocation rather than export intensity alone. While aggregate differences between scenarios are modest, reallocating export growth toward sectors with stronger intersectoral linkages generates larger economy-wide gains in GDP and labor income. In particular, sectors with low initial export shares but high network connectivity—such as agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing; retail trade; other community,socialandpersonalservices; andinlandtransport—producestrongermultiplier effects than most export-intensive sectors. These findings highlight a key distinction between export intensity and network centrality, demonstrating that sectors with limited direct export participation can play a central role in transmitting economic gains. The results provide a network-based perspective on export diversification and offer policy-relevant insights for designing strategies that promote more inclusive and efficient economic growth. 2026-04-24T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7319 Paying £1(£5) or nothing in dictator games: unexpected differences Brañas Garza, Pablo Ernesto; Espín, Antonio M.; Jorrat, Diego We conducted an online Dictator Game experiment (N = 1195) to test three hypoth eses about the role of monetary incentives in prosocial behavior. First, we exam ined whether real incentives of £1 reduce the dispersion of responses compared to hypothetical ones. Surprisingly, we found the opposite: hypothetical responses were less dispersed, with choices clustering around the egalitarian split. This pattern held in a replication (N = 308) with higher stakes (£5), offering no support for the first  hypothesis. Second, we tested whether real incentives—by involving actual mon etary consequences—lead to more selfish decisions, as they are expected to reduce  socially desirable responses. With £1 stakes, no significant differences emerged  across conditions. However, when the stake was increased to £5, participants be came more selfish under real incentives, supporting the second hypothesis only  when the amount at stake is substantial. Third, we explored whether probabilistic payments trigger differential behavior. At low stakes, probabilistic incentives re sembled real ones. But with higher stakes, real and probabilistic outcomes diverged, suggesting participants respond to expected value only when it is meaningful. Fi nally, in a separate study (N = 299), we found that many participants facing standard hypothetical-payment instructions still expected real payments. Only explicit phras ing stating that “unfortunately, the money is not real” alleviated this confusion. This result underscores the importance of precise wording in experimental design and potentially explains why hypothetical treatments do not yield dramatically different  results compared to real-money treatments. 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7318 Reassessing Tax Fairness Through the Lens of Fiscal Fairness Christl, Michael Policy debates on European welfare states often rely on an incomplete notion of tax fairness that overlooks indirect taxes and in-kind public services. Using a comprehensive fiscal incidence framework, we show that once direct and indirect taxes, cash transfers, and in-kind benefits are jointly considered, the number of net contributor households in the EU declines substantially. While high-income households remain the primary net contributors, many low- and middle-income households are net beneficiaries due to the redistributive role of public services. I conclude that fiscal fairness, rather than tax fairness alone, provides a more appropriate basis for evaluating redistribution, sustainability, and welfare state reform. 2026-05-12T00:00:00Z