https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/2557 2026-10-27T17:44:49Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7457 A multiple-baseline evaluation of a brief acceptance and commitment therapy protocol focused on repetitive negative thinking for moderate emotional disorders García-Martín, María Belén; Ruiz, Francisco J; Flórez, Cindy L.; Monroy-Cifuentes, Andrea; Barreto-Montero, Katherine; García-Beltrán, Diana M.; Riaño-Hernández, Diana; Sierra, M. A.; Suárez-Falcón, Juan C.; Cardona-Betancourt, Verónica; Gil-Luciano, Bárbara Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in the form of worry and rumination has been identified as a particularly counterproductive experiential avoidance strategy implicated in the onset and maintenance of emotional disorders.The current study analyzes the effect of an individual, 2-session, RNT-focused, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) protocol in the treatment of moderate emotional disorders. Ten adults suffering from moderate to severe emotional symptoms according to the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) participated in the study. Participants completed 5- to 7-week baselines without showing improvement trends in the DASS-21 or the GHQ-12. Afterwards, they received the ACT protocol, and a 3-month follow-up was conducted. A Bayesian approach to analyze clinically significant changes (CSC) for single-case experimental designs (SCED) was conducted, which required at least substantial evidence of the intervention effect and scores in the nonclinical range. Nine of the 10 participants showed CSC in the GHQ-12, and 7 participants in the DASS-21. The standardized mean difference effect sizes for SCED were computed, which facilitates comparison and integration of the results with group designs. Very large effect sizes were found for emotional symptoms (d =2.44 and 2.68), pathological worry (d= 3.14), experiential avoidance (d = 1.32), cognitive fusion (d = 2.01), repetitive thinking (d = 2.51), and valued living (d = 1.54 and 1.41). No adverse events were found. RNT-focused ACT protocols deserve further empirical tests. 2018-04-30T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7456 Common Physical Properties Improve Metaphor Effect Even in the Context of Multiple Examples García-Martín, María Belén; Criollo, Andrea B.; Díaz-Muelle, Simón; Ruiz, Francisco J A previous experimental analog study by Sierra et al. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 16, 265–279 (2016) showed that including common physical properties of participants’ pain in the metaphor content improved its effect in promoting pain tolerance. Using a 2x2 factorial design, this study analyzed the effect of common physical properties in the context of multiple examples of functionally equivalent metaphors. Eighty-four participants responded to a measure of experiential avoidance. They were subsequently exposed to a cold-pressor task at pretest. Participants were then randomly assigned to four experimental protocols: (a) three functionally equivalent metaphors with common physical properties of participants’ pain, (b) three functionally equivalent metaphors without common physical properties, (c) a metaphor with common physical properties that was repeated three times, and (d) a metaphor without common physical properties that was repeated three times. Participants were then reexposed to the cold-pressor task (posttest). Bayesian data analyses showed that the presence of common physical properties was the only variable associated with an increase of the metaphor effect, and this was independent of the number of metaphors proposed. The update of evidence by means of a Bayes factor meta-analysis showed that data very strongly support the hypothesis of common physical properties being an effective component of metaphors. These results highlight the relevance of training therapists in designing metaphors with common physical properties of the clients’ discomfort. 2018-07-09T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7455 Psychometric Properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) on Vulnerable Colombian Adolescents García-Martín, María Belén; Guarnizo-Guzmán, Claudia P.; Suárez Falcón, Juan C.; Sierra, M. A. The aim of the present study is to analyze the psychometric properties for the Spanish adaptation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a sample of vulnerable teenagers of Colombia. Two psychometric studies were conducted: one for the 25-item version (CD-RISC-25) and other for the brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10). All of the items showed good discrimination, with item-total correlations ranging from 0.29 (Item 14) to 0.75 (Item 25). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.88 CI [0.86, 0.90] for the 25-item version. Subsequently, an item screening was conducted in order to test a brief version. For the brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10), a one-factor one-dimensional structure with very good fit was found through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis suggests that CD-RISC-10 could be considered a one-dimensional measure. Importantly, both CD-RISC-25 and CD-RISC-10 showed factorial invariance as a function of sex. In conclusion, the brief 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson CD-RISC presents appropriate psychometric properties to validly and reliably estimate resilience levels for vulnerable Colombian adolescents. 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7454 Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire-Children García-Martín, María Belén; Espitia Pereira, Cristhian A.; Ayala Ávila, Jessica M.; Suárez Falcón, Juan C.; Ruiz, Francisco J Self-report measures of generalized patterns of rule-following are being developed in the last years including the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ) and the Generalized Tracking Questionnaire (GTQ). Specifically, the GTQ is a 11-item self-report developed for adults that has shown excellent psychometric properties, a one-factor structure, and criterion validity in view of its positive correlations with executive functions tests. This study aims to develop the children's version of the GTQ (i.e., Generalized Tracking Questionnaire – Children, GTQ-C). In so doing, we adapted the vocabulary of some of the GTQ items and added an additional item (i.e., the GTQ-C consisted of 12 items). Afterward, the GTQ for children (i.e., GTQ-C) was administered to a sample of 730 Colombian children and adolescents from 7 to 17 years. A cross-validation study was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the questionnaire. The analysis showed that a one-factor structure showed a good fit to the data. All items of the GTQ-C showed good discrimination indexes and the whole questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency. The GTQ-C showed measurement invariance across gender and age group. In conclusion, the GTQ-C seems to be a valid and reliable measure of generalized tracking for children that might be used to analyze the developmental trajectories of tracking and its relationship with other relevant behavioral processes. 2020-02-20T00:00:00Z