https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/2493 Tue, 05 May 2026 17:32:30 GMT 2026-05-05T17:32:30Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7236 Structural unemployment after the crisis in Austria Christl, Michael; Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Kucsera, Denes This paper analyzes the Austrian Beveridge curve as well as the Beveridge curves for different economic sectors in Austria over the period from 2008 onwards. We find significant outward shifts of the Beveridge curves in eight of the 21 sectors of the economy. We further analyze what factors have contributed to this change. Our results suggest that a significant part of the currently rising unemployment in Austria may be attributed to structural changes. Those structural changes mainly affect the four large sectors: construction, wholesale, transportation, and accommodation and food service activities. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7236 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7235 Effects of collective minimum wages on youth employment in Austria Christl, Michael; Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Kucsera, Denes This paper analyzes the impact of collective minimum wages on youth employment for 14 sectors of the Austrian economy, taking into account the possibility of nonlinearity. We find that when the real index of minimum wage rises above a certain point, negative employment effects for young individuals (aged between 19 and 25 years) can be expected in Austria. In five of seven market sectors the minimum wage lies above the optimal level that maximizes the employment of young workers. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7235 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7234 Redistribution within the tax-benefits system in Austria Christl, Michael; Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Kucsera, Denes; Lorenz, Hanno The aim of this study is to analyze redistribution within the Austrian tax-benefits system. In this work, we take a comprehensive view and include not only direct taxation and cash benefits but also indirect taxes and in-kind transfers. We look at two kinds of redistribution: between households belonging to different income groups, and between generations, taking a life-cycle perspective. Our analysis shows that indirect taxes (as understood in previous literature) have a regressive effect on the tax-benefits system. In contrast, in-kind benefits seem to have a progressive effect. To analyze the impact of both, we extend our income concept to include both indirect taxes and in-kind benefits. If we look at the distributional impact, we find that the inequality-enhancing effect of indirect taxes is more than offset by the inequality-reducing effect of in-kind benefits. The Gini coefficient increases from 0.24 to 0.26 due to indirect taxes, but when adding in-kind benefits, the Gini coefficient is reduced to 0.23. The overall effect of both indirect taxes and in-kind benefits is progressive. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7234 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7233 Revisiting the Employment Effects of Minimum Wages in Europe Christl, Michael; Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Kucsera, Denes In a cross-country setup of European countries, we find a significant nonlinear relationship between the minimum wages and employment rate of young individuals. Theoretically, while low minimum wages can indeed be positively associated with employment, after a certain level of the minimum wage, the relationship turns negative. This implies that there is an optimal level of minimum wages that maximizes the employment rate of young individuals. We additionally show that the negative relationship between minimum wages and employment of young workers is stronger if labor markets are otherwise strictly regulated and when workers are relatively unproductive. Using these results, we are able to calculate country-specific turning points and show that some European countries in our sample might in fact contribute to high unemployment rates among young individuals by setting minimum wages too high. However, in other European countries, especially the Eastern European countries, an increase in minimum wages (up to a certain level) might even lead to higher employment rates of young individuals. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/7233 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z