Exploración de métodos experimentales para abordar la detección temprana de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y modificar distorsiones de la imagen corporal: un enfoque desde la tecnología eyetracking y el feedback auditivo

Abstract

Eating disorders are complex conditions characterised by abnormal eating patterns, significant body weight or shape concerns, and potentially severe and persistent medical and psychological comorbidities. In terms of prevention, early identification has been identified as crucial to improving treatment outcomes and reducing the severity of these disorders. Research suggests that anorexia nervosa may be associated with eye movement abnormalities, which could serve as biomarkers and/or endophenotypes for earlier diagnosis. On the other hand, in terms of intervention, the clinical phenomenon of body size overestimation is often overlooked by traditional cognitive-behavioural therapies. This oversight is paradoxical given that body size overestimation is associated with poorer therapeutic outcomes, relapse, and the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. In this context, auditory body illusions, studied within the field of multisensory integration, have been proposed to: elucidate the aetiology of body size overestimation, and serve as a complementary cognitive-behavioural intervention technique to reduce body shape overestimation.