Physical inactivity, a risk factor for mental disorders in Spanish youth: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aim Mental health has become a major social issue, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, with raising levels of anxiety and depression among adolescents and young adults and the subsequent higher prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics. In this regard, while aspects such as obesity, sedentary behaviors and substance use are recognized risk factors, physical activity has been associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. The study aimed (1) to investigate the associations between physical activity frequency (PAF) and self-reported depression and anxiety, as well as antidepressants and anxiolytics use, in the young Spanish population; (2) to identify potential risks factors for depression, chronic anxiety and use of antidepressants and anxiolytics concerning variables such as sex, age, BMI, smoking, study level and PAF. Subject and methods A cross-sectional study based on data from the European Health Survey in Spain (EHSS 2020) was conducted, including a final sample of 3,416 participants aged 15–34 years. Results Associations between PAF and self-reported depression and anxiety and use of antidepressants and anxiolytics were found, with physically inactive groups showing higher prevalence. Being female, physically inactive and smoker, among others, emerged as notable risk factors for depression and anxiety. Additionally, being female, older age and smoking increase the prevalence of antidepressant and anxiolytic use. Being in secondary school is associated with increased use of anxiolytics. Conclusion Physical inactivity is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, and use of antidepressants and anxiolytics in the target population, with PA programs and initiatives being potential protective factors.